UPSC / Government Exams · Environment

UPSC Environment and Ecology Notes – Ecosystems, Biodiversity, Climate Change and Conservation with Diagrams

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Environment and Ecology notes for UPSC Civil Services Prelims and Mains General Studies. Covers ecosystem structure, food chains and energy flow, biogeochemical cycles, biodiversity and hotspots, protected areas in India, the IUCN Red List categories, the greenhouse effect and climate change, ozone depletion, and major international conventions and Indian laws, with cycle and pyramid diagrams, comparison tables and prelims-style practice questions. Includes 7 labelled diagrams: Components of an ecosystem; Pyramid of energy. Each level holds about 10% of the one below; The nitrogen cycle; IUCN Red List categories, from most to least threatened; Zones of a biosphere reserve; How the greenhouse effect warms the Earth; Major international environmental agreements.